The wedge-laced drum

vDrums were unknown in Taiwan so they seem to have been innovated in the post-Formosan region. Although drums are very common and clearly ancient in mainland cultures, a particular type of drum evolved in the Austronesian region, the wedge-laced drum vDrums with similar systems of tensioning the head occur in the Philippines, Sulawesi, Borneo, and much of Indonesia. The furthest extent seems to be the Bird’s Head Peninsula in West Papua vthe term kimbal in Ibaloi in Luzon is clearly cognate with gimbal (Batak in Palawan) and Mamanwa gimbar in Mindanao. Both the drum and the name can be reconstructed with some confidence to proto-Philippines.